Get

In Your Inbox

Dogster is reader-supported. When you buy via links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission at no cost to you. Learn more.

What Ingredients to Avoid in Dog Food: 6 Vet-Verified Additives to Keep Away

dog not eating its food

Pet owners are putting more effort into their pets, including choosing high-quality pet foods to help them live long and happy lives. With many dog foods on the market, choosing the best one can be overwhelming.

Fortunately, just a little knowledge of pet food ingredients can help you make an informed decision for your dog’s health and well-being. Here are the six key ingredients you should avoid in your dog food and why. If you have more questions about what to avoid in dog food, it is always advisable to speak to your vet.

divider dog paws 2 oct 2024

The 6 Key Ingredients You Should Avoid in Dog Food

1. Melamine

dog food in plastic container
Image by: APN Photography, Shutterstock
FDA Approved?  No
Ingredient type  Chemical

Melamine is an industrial chemical that isn’t approved as an ingredient in animal or human foods in the United States. Despite this, melamine and related compounds have been found in pet food and prompted recalls.

Following the investigation, melamine was found in the kidneys and urine of dogs and cats that had died, although it’s not only melamine but a combination of melamine and cyanuric acid. The melamine and melamine-related compounds made it to pet food disguised as wheat gluten, and some believe it is the combination with cyanuric acid that makes it lethal, but we know it’s best to avoid this ingredient altogether (and its potential sources).


2. BHA, BHT, and Ethoxyquin

dry dog food in bowl and on wooden table
Image Credit: 279photo Studio, Shutterstock
FDA Approved?  Yes, in small doses
Ingredient type  Preservative

BHA, BHT, and ethoxyquin are artificial preservatives that are used to extend the shelf life of dog food and treats. These ingredients are considered safe in small doses according to the FDA, but there have been concerns about their potential carcinogenic (cancer-causing) effects and the potential for skin and eye irritation.

Ethoxyquin, in particular, is also used as a pesticide and herbicide. Its effects have been investigated—though not sufficiently—since the 1980s after pet owners complained of adverse effects. Following that, pet food manufacturers opted for tocopherols as an alternative.


3. Propylene Glycol

semi moist dog food falling out of storage container
Image Credit: sophiecat, Shutterstock
FDA Approved?  Yes
Ingredient type  Additive

Propylene glycol is an artificial additive used to maintain texture and keep food soft and moist. It’s generally considered safe by the FDA and the veterinary community. In small doses, propylene glycol causes no ill effects in dogs, but the dosage matters, too. Propylene glycol is unavoidable in some veterinary medications, but you have control over whether you want it in your dog food.

Though derived from the same chemical group as ethylene glycol (antifreeze), which is highly toxic to pets, it’s not the same compound. It’s often used as a pet-friendly alternative to antifreeze.


4. Meat Meal

wet dog food in a yellow bowl
Image Credit: New Africa, Shutterstock
FDA Approved?  Yes
Ingredient type  Animal protein

Meat meals are often found on dog food ingredient lists, especially chicken or fish meals. These are created using a process called “rendering” to convert waste animal tissue into stable, usable material. This typically includes the butcher shop trimmings, grease, fatty tissue, bones, blood, fat, and offal.

Unfortunately, it may also include entire carcasses of animals that have died or were diseased, and you can’t tell just from the ingredient list. The USDA has regulations regarding what can be rendered, but different source countries may have different standards. In addition, undeclared endangered shark and turtles species’ DNA have been found as generic “fish” or “meat” meals in pet food.


5. MSG

wet and dry dog food
Image by: Sharaf Maksumov, Shutterstock
FDA Approved?  Yes
Ingredient type  Flavoring

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is approved for use in both human and dog food to enhance the flavor. MSG has no nutritional benefit, not to mention that it may be used to disguise low-quality ingredients.

MSG is controversial in food and associated with different types of toxicity, as well as obesity, metabolic disorders, and neurotoxic effects. Multiple studies have hinted at possible toxic effects in humans, and since it offers no nutritional value, it’s best to avoid it completely.


6. Food Dyes

dry dog food in bowl
Image Credit: 279photo Studio, Shutterstock
FDA Approved?  Yes
Ingredient type  Artificial and natural color

The FDA and AAFCO have an approved list of artificial and natural food colors permitted in dog food. They’re strictly regulated and at this time safe for dogs.

Still, food dyes have come under fire in the past. Some studies have revealed that different dyes, such as Red 3 and Red 40, are linked to health problems or cancer. Some dyes permitted in the US are banned in other countries as well. The approved dyes may be considered safe now, but that’s not to say that they won’t show a link to health problems in the future. Furthermore, there’s no nutritional benefit for food dyes in dog food. They’re only included to make the food more visually appealing to humans.

divider dog paws 2 oct 2024

How to Read a Dog Food Ingredient Label

The government regulates the minimum amount of nutrients that pet foods must contain and oversees the maximum amount of moisture and crude fiber. Dog food labels must display the percentage of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and water.

If a label has specific guarantees, such as low fat, the maximum and minimum percentages must be guaranteed. The same is true of a guarantee of vitamins or minerals in specific formulas.

Ingredients on the label must be listed in descending order by weight. The ingredients must be listed individually—no collective ingredients like “animal protein products” are permitted. Ingredients must also have a common name, such as “vitamin A” and not “retinol.” With this in mind, the ingredients present in larger quantities are first on the list.

saleswoman arranging pet food
Image by: Tyler Olson, Shutterstock

What About Organic, Natural, or Human-Grade Dog Food?

With dog food, some words and phrases are marketing hype, and others are regulated and standardized.

If dog food says it’s “complete and balanced,” it means it meets the government standards to provide at least the minimal requirements for complete and balanced nutrition for dogs according to AAFCO standards. AAFCO also recognizes the different stages of development and their nutritional needs, such as puppy food or adult maintenance food.

When it comes to “senior” food, however, the FDA only requires the diet to meet adult maintenance nutrition.

Organic food is a little different. There are no official regulations for the labeling of organic foods for pets. However, dog foods that claim to be organic must meet the USDA’s National Organic Program to be considered organic, which is the same for organic human food.

“Natural” is different from “organic.” “Natural” could mean free of artificial flavors, colors, and preservatives, but nothing is holding the manufacturer to a standard. Also, keep in mind that “natural” isn’t always better. Arsenic occurs naturally in many foods, and some “chemical-sounding” names are simply the technical name for essential vitamins and minerals.

Human-grade dog food is highly regulated by the FDA and USDA. For food to be considered human edible, all ingredients must be human edible and the food must be manufactured, packed, and held by the Current Good Manufacturing Practice in Manufacturing, Packing, or Holding Human Food.

Brands can—and do—make this claim. A few pet food brands have met the standards for human-edible food, but not all. These foods tend to be more expensive, and they’re not necessarily safer or healthier.

divider dog paws 2 oct 2024

Conclusion

There’s a ton of variety with commercial dog food. Though some ingredients may be controversial, the FDA does regulate the ingredients used in commercial dog food to ensure proper nutrition and safety. Always speak with your vet about your dog’s diet to ensure that you’re choosing the best food for their life stage and health.

See also:


Featured Image Credit: Daria Lixovetckay, Shutterstock

How useful was this post?

Click on a star to rate (you can leave written feedback after clicking submit)

Help us improve Dogster for pet parents!

Your feedback really matters.

What did you like about this post? Also how can we improve it?

Join the conversation

Leave a Reply

You’re very welcome to leave a comment or question. Please know that all comments must meet our community guidelines, and your email address will NOT be published. Let’s have a positive and constructive conversation.

Talk With A Vet Online

Peace of mind,
anywhere, anytime

Affordable vet advice

Why Do Old Dogs Smell? 11 Vet-Verified Causes

Unfortunately, dogs grow old. When they do, they go through a lot of changes that can be difficult for owners to witness. One...

Vizsla vs Redbone Coonhound: The Differences (With Pictures)

While Vizsla and Redbone Coonhounds are extremely similar, there are some slight differences between them. These differences can determine which dog is better...

Are Golden Retrievers Double Coated? Breed Facts & FAQ

A Golden Retriever’s beautiful, wavy, luxurious double coat is one of their defining features. If you own one of these magnificent dogs, you...

Dystocia in Dogs: Our Vet Discusses Signs, Causes & Care

Dystocia is the scientific term for a difficult birth. In other words, your female dog is unable to naturally pass their puppies through...

More related

How to Bond With Your Dog: 9 Ways to Strengthen Your Connection

Dogs are man’s best friend for good reason. After all, they bring us joy, laughter, and comfort, and owning a dog has many...

Drentse Patrijshond Dog Breed: Info, Pictures, Care & More

The Drentse Patrijshond is a purebred dog from the Netherlands. It is a Spaniel-type breed, so it is lively, friendly, and enjoys the...

13 Pet Industry Statistics in the Philippines to Know in 2025: Trends, Market Size & FAQ

Note: This article’s statistics come from third-party sources and do not represent the opinions of this website. With its population of around 18...

13 Best Senior Dog Foods for Arthritis in 2025 – Reviews & Top Picks

Just because your dog is getting older doesn’t mean they need to act their age. Although arthritis can be difficult to combat, it...

Keep reading

Can Dogs Eat Turkey? Vet-Verified Nutrition Facts & FAQ

If you can’t resist slipping your dog a few tidbits off your dinner plate, you should first know which foods are safe and healthy for them to eat. Turkey is a popular protein, especially for holidays and special occasions, but...

Can Dogs Eat Turkey

Can Dogs Eat Nopales? Vet-Verified Facts & FAQ

Nopals are large cacti with pads (leaves) that are edible when the plant is young. You might know nopales by their nickname, the prickly pear cactus, and if you live in states like Arizona, New Mexico, and Nevada, you’ve likely...

Can Dogs Eat_nopales

Can Dogs Eat Carne Asada? Vet Reviewed Facts & FAQ

You may be familiar with the phrase “puppy dog eyes.” That is why saying “no” to a dog is next to impossible when they want something, whether they want to play, get up on the couch with you, or eat...

Can Dogs Eat_carne asada

Can Dogs Drink Wine? Vet-Verified Risks & FAQ

If you enjoy relaxing with a glass of wine in the evenings, you might feel inclined to give your dog some. Their adorable begging as you sip the wine could make you question whether a small sip could do them...

Can Dogs Drink Wine

10 Best Chicken & Rice Dog Foods in 2025 – Reviews & Top Picks

Chicken and rice recipes are among the most popular and common dog food formulas. Virtually every brand and formula offers a chicken and rice recipe, and for good reason! Chicken is a lean, healthy, complete protein that’s affordable and highly...

cream dog eating from the bowl

Victor Dog Food vs Bully Max: Our 2025 Comparison – Pros, Cons & What to Choose

With the number of dog food brands out there, you are bound to stumble across similar brands in your search for the best option. At first glance, it seems that only the packaging is different, while the ingredients, nutrition, and...

Dogster_Dog Food Victor VS Bully Max

Can Dogs Eat Pumpkin Seeds? Vet-Verified Facts & FAQ

Pumpkin seeds are one of the favorite healthy snacks for many people worldwide. While enjoying pumpkin seeds, you may have noticed your dog begging you for a bit of taste. At this point, you may wonder whether pumpkin seeds are...

Can Dogs Eat Pumpkin Seeds

Can Dogs Eat Cream of Wheat? Vet-Approved Nutrition Facts & FAQ

The grain-free diet craze is dying down among pet owners, leading some to wonder if dogs can eat grain products like Cream of Wheat. While it’s best to avoid table food for your dog and stick to a balanced commercial...

Can Dogs Eat Cream of Wheat